The Elk/Beaver Lake Initiative was established by the CRD in 2016 in partnership with an Intergovernmental Working Group (IWG) and local interest groups. The aim of the initiative was to improve water quality at the lake, by reducing the frequency and toxicity of blue green algae, improve fish habitat, manage invasive weed growth and ensure continued recreational use of the lakes.

Elk/Beaver Lake is the most visited regional park, valued for its variety of environmental, social, recreational, and cultural benefits to the region. Water quality issues at Elk/Beaver Lake were identified in the 1960s and water quality continued to decline, having significant impacts on the environment, social, cultural and recreation values of the lake and surrounding park.

In response to declining water quality, the Intergovernmental Working Group (IWG) was formed to discuss the lake system and develop a strategy to improve water quality. Membership of this group included the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy, the Ministry of Water, Land and Resource Stewardship, Island Health, the CRD, and the District of Saanich. Communications and collaboration with other local interested groups, lake users and stakeholders are ongoing.

The following environmental concerns at Elk/Beaver Lake were identified through this initiative:

• Frequent cyanobacteria blooms
• Invasive growth of Eurasian Milfoil
• Poor habitat quality for native fish and other native wildlife

The cause of these environmental concerns is largely related to the high nutrient levels in the lake, particularly phosphorus.

High nutrients in the lake come from external and internal sources and significantly impact the health of the lake overall. The impact of high nutrients in Elk/Beaver Lake is summarized in the following infographic:

• Too Many Nutrients in our Lakes

The current status of the lake and vision for the future protection of Elk/Beaver Lake is summarized in the following infographic:

• Vision for a Healthy Lake

The purpose of the Watershed Management Plan is to reduce external sources of nutrients to support environmental, social and economic values of Elk/Beaver Lake.

External nutrients are carried by water, sediments and dust particles from sources outside of the lake and deposited into the lake. External sources include human activities such as land development, road construction and farming that bring additional nutrients into the lake and alter the movement of nutrients across the landscape.

The scope of this watershed management plan is geographically focused to Elk/Beaver Lake and the surrounding sub-watershed draining into Elk/Beaver Lake, to reduce sources of external nutrients.

The in-lake remediation is guided by expert consultants. On September 11, 2019 a staff report and business case was brought to the CRD Board outlining the environmental, recreational, community and economic values of the lake (over $10 million annually) and a recommendation to remediate the lake. The CRD Board approved the recommendation to move ahead with the in-lake remediation of Elk/Beaver Lake.

The construction of an oxygenation system and related components for Elk Lake was completed in late 2023. This system is anticipated to help address internal nutrient loading in Elk Lake. These nutrients have accumulated over decades in the lake and bottom sediments and are continually recycled back into the water column under low-oxygen conditions. 

The total capital cost of this project was $1.6 million with additional annual operational costs related to water quality monitoring and system maintenance. The CRD is grateful for the Government of British Columbia's $750,000 contribution to help purchase the oxygenation system equipment.

The oxygenation system in Elk Lake directly pumps highly oxygenated air into the deepest part of the lake along a perforated pipe with small bubbles to improve deep water oxygen levels. It is anticipated the oxygenation system will increase oxygen levels in the deepest part of the lake to improve habitat for native fish and minimize the opportunity for blue-green algae growth by reducing the availability of phosphorus in the water.

The factors impacting freshwater quality are complex, and it is expected that there may be an improvement, decrease or variation in water quality in Elk Lake over the next 12-18 months as more is understood about how the lake responds to increased oxygenation.

Blue-green algae are native, naturally occurring organisms and it is not possible to entirely eliminate their presence in Elk/Beaver Lake. The main aim of the oxygenation system is to reduce duration and frequency of blooms and gain gradual water quality improvements over the next 5-10 years. It is not anticipated that the oxygenation system will improve the presence of invasive species in the lake, such as Eurasian milfoil (weeds).

Why develop a watershed management plan?

The purpose of the watershed management plan is to reduce sources of nutrients within the watershed that contribute to high nutrient levels in Elk/Beaver Lake.

The management plan includes identifying values, interests and priorities at the lake. It summarizes water quality issues and sources of those issues and key management actions to address them.

What did the watershed management planning process look like?

Public engagement was a key part of developing the Watershed Management Plan for Elk/Beaver Lake.

A public information session was held on July 31, 2019. Three additional feedback sessions were held throughout September and October 2019, as well as direct consultation with interest groups, field experts and government agencies.

The public were also invited to comment on the draft Elk/Beaver Lake Watershed Management Plan through an online survey in February 2020 to support the finalization of the plan.

The management plan was finalized and approved in October 2020.

• Investigation of in-lake remediation options for Elk Lake (PDF)
• Review of Beaver Lake ecology and need for aeration (PDF)
• Elk/Beaver Lakes: Water Quality Assessment & Objectives (Ministry of Environment, Land and Parks, 1992) (PDF)
• Ambient Water Quality Assessment and Objectives for Elk and Beaver Lakes Saanich Peninsula, Overview Report (Ministry of Environment, Land and Parks, 1992) (PDF)
• State of Water Quality of Elk and Beaver Lakes 1986-1995 (Ministry of Environment, Land and Parks, 1996) (PDF)
• Elk Lake Sediment Analysis: a summary of results and implications for Phoslock (Nowak, 2016) (PDF)
• Evaluation of remediation options for Elk/Beaver Lake, Victoria, BC (Nurnberg and Lazerte, 2016) (PDF)
• Water Quality Sampling Program for Elk Lake 2014-15: overview, status and phosphorus budget (Nordin, 2015) (PDF)
• Elk and Beaver Lakes Fish Inventory (Hemmera Envirochem Inc, 2017) (PDF)
• Aquatic Plant Workshop and Survey Summary Results (CRD, 2016) (PDF)
• Cleaning up Elk and Beaver Lakes: what can be learned from other lakes (Environmental Law Centre, University of Victoria, 2015) (PDF)
• Bottom Sediment Analysis of Elk Lake (student project, Julio Flores and Queen Esther Nankabirwa, 2017) (PDF)
• Elk/Beaver Lake and Bear Hill Regional Parks Management Plan (CRD Parks, 2010) (PDF)
• A Preliminary Review of the BC Ministry of Environment Water Quality Data for Elk Lake (Rick Nordin, 2014) (PDF)
• Elk Lake Centre Water Quality Trends 1986-2022 (Nielsen/Coastal Collaborative Sciences, 2023) (PDF)
• Preferences and Willingness to Pay to Restore Elk/Beaver Lake (Danielle Spence, Helen M. Baulch, & Patrick Lloyd-Smith, 2024)